The tactical fighter aircraft of Physics must be optimized to exceed the high-frequency bands, such as the bands C, X, and Ku, which are used by fire control radars to produce high-resolution soundtracks. In industry, Air Force and Navy officials agree that once the wavelength of the frequency exceeds a certain threshold and causes a resonance effect (which generally occurs in the upper part of the S-band), the LO aircraft will suffer a "step change".
As part of Moscow's increasingly complex capabilities against access/rejection of areas (A2 / AD), Russian air defenses may seem strong, but the areas protected by these systems are far from what some analysts call a difficult bubble to reach or "iron". 穹 ".
Although stratification and integrated air defenses can effectively make a lot of airspace costs too high, in terms of personnel and supplies, using traditional fourth-generation combat attacks, such as the Boeing F / A-18E / F Super Hornet or Lockheed Martin F- 16 combat hawks, these systems have a fatal fart. Russian air defenses are still struggling to effectively use fifth-generation stealth aircraft, such as the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor or the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter.
(This appeared for the first time in August 2016.)
"In terms of viable air defense against opponents with the fifth generation aircraft, it is clear how Russia is trying to solve the stealth problem," said Mike Kofman, an investigative scientist who interviewed CNA in Russian military affairs. National interest. "The Russian advanced radar, several missiles, and systems capable of integrating large amounts of data to achieve stronger air defenses will increasingly divide the Western Air Force into two phases, in the future, these systems will be extended to China, Iran, and others. Like the great powers of the region, the advanced air defense systems that can penetrate and survive in high-level combat, as well as the bombing work of ISIL or its successors. "
Coffman noted that Russian-made advanced air defense systems, such as the S-300, the S-400, and the upcoming S-500 series, are equipped with systems designed to detect and track the presence of low observability (LO) aircraft. , such as F.-22 and F-35. As I said before, this is just a function of physics. The problem facing Moscow is that while the VHF, UHF, L and S bands of Russian early warning and acquisition radars can detect and even track tactical aircraft the size of a fighter, these systems do not provide tracking the quality of weapons. "Russia has invested in low-bandwidth early warning radars, some of which have some good variants, but can they use them to gather good images and process them to develop a track against low-observation aircraft?" Coffman asked
The tactical stealth aircraft of the fighter, specified by physics, must be optimized to exceed the high-frequency bands, such as the C, X and Ku bands, which are used by fire control radars to produce high-resolution soundtracks. In industry, Air Force and Navy officials agree that once the wavelength of the frequency exceeds a certain threshold and causes a resonance effect (which generally occurs in the upper part of the S-band), the LO aircraft will suffer a "step change".
Normally, this resonance effect occurs when the characteristics in the airplane (for example, the empennage) are less than eight times the wavelength of a particular frequency. In fact, stealthy small planes that do not have a size or weight limit of two feet or more of radar absorbent coating on each surface are forced to swap their optimized frequency bands. This means that tactical stealth fighters will appear on radars operating in lower frequency bands, such as some or even lower frequencies in the S or L band. Large stealth aircraft, such as the B-2 Spirit of Northrop Grumman or the next B-21, do not have many fuselage characteristics that can produce resonance effects and therefore are more effective for low-frequency radars.
For the Russians, what they continue to do is solve the problem of low observability aircraft, but Moscow has resolved that this problem is questionable. Russia's heavy investment in air defense tells us that the Kremlin believes that the main threat to its ground forces comes from the air power of the United States. Therefore, defeating furtive technology is one of Moscow's top priorities, and Coffman points out that the Kremlin has provided many resources for this.
Russia has tried many different techniques to defeat stealth technology. Among them are the attempts to build an integrated and compact air defense network, several radars that try to see the same plane from different directions, but the effect of these efforts is an unresolved problem. Coffman said: "It's great to be able to see an airplane or some of them, but getting the accuracy to be able to approach the missile with confidence to the objective is the main challenge."
Although the Russians and the Chinese have not yet solved this problem, it is clear that invisibility has become less and less advantageous over time, although acquisitions may not be cheap. In the end, Moscow will find a way to solve the problem of stealth, because the cyclical struggle between the offensive and the defense will continue indefinitely, this is only a matter of time.
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